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Techniques and Services




DEM and 3D-view (RADARSAT-1), Ethiopia 2000

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Image Processing Techniques




Flood effects in Guadeloupe Island (RADARSAT-1) 1999

SAR Applications for Operational Remote Sensing




Optical / Near Infrared Remote Sensing

Tuul river (SPOT-4), Mongolia 2000


Medical Imagery


  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Image Processing
  • Tomography Data Processing


Radar (SAR) Data Pre-Processing

Fully calibrated topographic space-map (RADARSAT-1), Colombian Andes 1998
  • SAR Image Full Radiometric Calibration
    (ERS, ENVISAT, RADARSAT, JERS-1, ALOS, X-SAR, TerraSAR-X image products).
    Application of the following radiometric corrections, whenever needed:
    1. Antenna Pattern correction
    2. Range Spreading Loss correction
    3. Correction of Ground Range Sampling effects
    4. Replica Pulse Power correction
    5. Correction of Analog to Digital Loss
    6. Processor Noise Power correction
    7. Application of the Calibration Constant
    8. Output Formats: TIFF, GEOTIFF, floating, integer 16-bit or integer 8-bit per pixel
  • Restoration of correct image orientation
    (ERS, ENVISAT, RADARSAT, JERS-1, ALOS, X-SAR,, TerraSAR-X image products).
  • Resampling to the desired pixel size and resolution (for the production of wide scale mosaics and maps):
    (ERS, ENVISAT, RADARSAT, JERS-1, ALOS, X-SAR, TerraSAR-X image products)
    1. By linear Resampling
    2. By Correlated Block Averaging / Resampling
    3. By Adaptive Filtering / Resampling
    4. Slant Range to Ground Range Resampling, when applicable
  • Extraction of system and orbit parameters
    (ERS, RADARSAT, ENVISAT, JERS-1, ALOS, X-SAR, TerraSAR-X image products)


Adaptive Speckle Filtering in Radar (SAR) Images


  • Adaptive Speckle Filtering of Detected (Amplitude or Intensity) single channel SAR images
    Adaptive speckle filtering (ERS) 2001 (ERS, ENVISAT, RADARSAT, JERS-1, ALOS, X-SAR, TerraSAR-X, Airborne SAR image products)
    A great choice of adaptive speckle filters is available (non-exhaustive list):
    1. Lee Filter
    2. Kuan et al. Filter
    3. Frost et al. Filter
    4. Ping Fan Yan & Chen Filter
    5. Enhanced Lee Filter
    6. Enhanced Kuan et al. Filter
    7. Enhanced Frost et al. Filter
    8. Structure retaining Lee Filter
    9. Structure retaining Gamma-Gaussian MAP Filter
    10. Structure retaining Gamma-Beta MAP Filter
    11. Structure retaining Gamma-Gamma MAP Filter
    12. Structure retaining Gamma-Gamma MAP Filter, using 2nd order statistics
    13. Structure retaining Gamma-Distribution_Entropy MAP Filter
    14. Structure retaining Gamma-Distribution Entropy MAP Filter, using 2nd order statistics
    15. Structure retaining Gamma-Gamma APM Filter
    16. Structure retaining Gamma-Gamma APM Filter, using 2nd order statistics
  • Adaptive Speckle Filtering of Detected (Amplitude or Intensity) multi-channel SAR images:
    (ERS, ENVISAT, RADARSAT, JERS-1, ALOS, X-SAR, TerraSAR-X, Airborne SAR image products, time-series or combination of SAR sensors)
    1. Structure retaining Lee et al. (multi-channel) Whitening Filter Early crop acreage estimation (ERS), Spain 1995
    2. Structure retaining Lee et al. (multi-channel) Whitening Filter, using 2nd order statistics
    3. Structure retaining (multi-channel) Optimal Summation by Minimization of the Variance
    4. Structure retaining Optimal Summation by Minimization of the Variance, using 2nd order statistics
    5. Structure retaining MMSE (multi-channel) Optimal Summation
    6. Structure retaining MMSE (multi-channel) Optimal Summation, using 2nd order statistics
    7. Structure retaining Gamma-Gaussian MAP (multi-channel) Filter
    8. Structure retaining Gamma-Gaussian MAP (multi-channel) Filter, using 2nd order statistics
    9. Structure retaining Gaussian-Gaussian MAP (multi-channel) Filter
    10. Structure retaining Gaussian-Gaussian MAP (multi-channel) Filter, using 2nd order statistics
    11. Structure retaining Gaussian-Distribution_Entropy MAP (multi-channel) Filter
    12. Structure retaining Gaussian-Distribution_Entropy MAP (multi-channel) Filter, using 2nd order statistics
  • Adaptive Speckle Filtering of Polarimetric SAR images:
    (JPL-AIRSAR, SIR-C, ALOS, RADARSAT-2, and other polarimetric SAR data products)
    1. Structure retaining Lee et al. LMMSE Filter
    2. Structure retaining Wishart-Gamma MAP (fully polarimetric) Filter
    3. Structure retaining Wishart-Distribution_Entropy MAP (fully polarimetric) Filter
  • Adaptive Speckle Filtering of Interferometric SAR (InSAR) Data:
    (Interferometric Pairs ERS, ENVISAT, JERS-1, ALOS, RADARSAT, X-SAR, etc.)
    1. Restoration of the Degree of Coherence by adaptive speckle filtering (PRIVATEERS InSAR Filter)
    2. Restoration of the Phase Difference (SAR Interferogram) by adaptive speckle filtering (PRIVATEERS InSAR Filter)


SAR and/or Optical Data Analysis and Exploitation: Some of our Specialities




Software


Polarimetric speckle filtering (ALOS, HH/VV/HV) 2006 A Speckle Filtering Module for Radar (SAR) images, including all the newest adaptive speckle filtering algorithms developed by PRIVATEERS NV is available since 2004 within SARscape, a most professional image processing software package.

SARscape is fully compatible with the geomatics and GIS (Geographic Information System) software ®IDL-ENVI (Research Systems Inc.) and ®ArcView (ESRI Inc.).
SARscape supports Windows 98/NT/2000/XP and Linux 2.6 operating systems.

The filtering module provides different specific algorithms to process :

  • Single- or multi-look, single channel detected (in amplitude or intensity) SAR scenes;
  • Single- or multi-channel detected (in amplitude or intensity) SAR scenes;
  • SLC (Single Look Complex) SAR scenes;
  • Series of SLC SAR scenes (interferometric series, for example).
  • Fully polarimetric SAR data.

SARscape is produced and commercialized by the Swiss company SARMAP SA.
SARscape is a Registered Mark of SARMAP SA.



Glossary

Adaptive speckle filtering (TerraSAR-X) 2007

    ERS and ENVISAT satellites are operated by ESA, the European Space Agency
    JERS-1, ALOS, and MOS satellites are operated by JAXA, the Japan Agency for the eXploration of Aerospace
    RADARSAT-1 satellite is operated by CSA, the Canadian Space Agency
    SIR-C is operated by NASA, the US National Air and Space Agency
    X-SAR is operated by NASA, DLR (German Space Agency), and ASI (Italian Space Agency)
    TerraSAR-X is operated by InfoTerra, a subsidiary of EADS and DLR (Germany)
    SPOT satellites are operated by CNES, the French Space Agency
    IRS satellites are operated by ISA, the Indian Space Agency
    RESURS satellites are operated by the Russian Space Agency
    LANDSAT satellites are operated by NASA and by the EOSAT Company, USA.
    TERRA and AQUA satellites are operated by NASA (USA) and JAXA (Japan)
    IKONOS and ORBVIEW satellites are operated by the GEOEYE Company, USA.

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Last Updated: 02 October 2007
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